Security Deposits: How They Work Around the World

Typical deposit ranges

• United States: usually 1 month's rent, sometimes more in major cities; rules vary by state.
• United Kingdom: capped at 5 weeks' rent for most tenancies, must be held in a government-approved scheme.
• Germany & Netherlands: typically up to 3 months' rent (Kaution / waarborg).
• France: usually 1 month for unfurnished, 2 months for furnished.
• Australia: 4 weeks' rent in most states, lodged with a bond authority.
• Japan: 'shikikin' deposit (1–2 months) plus often non-refundable 'reikin' key money.

Where the money should sit

In the UK, Australia, and parts of the EU, deposits must by law be held by a regulated third party — not by the landlord directly. Always ask for proof that your deposit has been registered or lodged.

How to get it back

Most deposit disputes are about the condition of the property at move-in vs move-out.

• Take dated, time-stamped photos of every room — including inside cupboards and ovens — on day one.
• Send those photos to yourself or your landlord by email so there is a record.
• Repeat the photos on move-out day, ideally before you start packing.
• Request the inventory or check-in report in writing and disagree in writing if anything is wrong.